The 2015 study, conducted by the CPA in partnership with Subaru of America, used weighted dog and cat dummies in the tests. No live animals were harmed.
Carriers
Eight models of carrier, designed to ride in vehicle cabins, were tested to see how they would withstand a simulated front crash at speeds of 30 mph. To be considered safe, the carrier needed to fully contain the dog within, and remain fixed to the securing points during the crash.
Crates
CPS tested four pet crates for how the structure and anchor straps held up during collisions of 31 mph. To pass, crates needed to be secure enough to not contact the simulated rear seat, and the straps and crate needed to maintain structural integrity, ensuring the animal remained inside.
Pet Seats
CPS tested four pet seats, each designed to keep pets secure to a vehicle's cabin seat but not enclosed. This is the first time pet seats have been subjected to a CPS study, and therefore a definition of "success" for these product has yet to be determined.
Harnesses
CPS's recent tests did not include pet harnesses, which are supposed to keep pets restrained to seats with no form of enclosure, but the group did study eight of these products in 2013. Criteria for success required dummies to remain in the seat during the crash tests.